Unit1 Women of achievement
【重点词汇、短语】
1. human beings 人类
2. campaign 运动，战役
3. behave 行为
4. shade 阴凉处
5. move off 离开，启程
6. observe 观察
7. respect 尊重
8. argue 讨论，辩论
9. lead a...life 过着…的生活
10. crowd in 涌入脑海
11. support 支持
12. look down upon/on 看不起
13. refer to 查阅，参考，涉及
14. by chance 碰巧
15. come across 偶遇
16. intend 计划，打算
17. deliver 提送，生（小孩），接生，发表（演说）
18. carry on 继续，坚持
【重点句型】
1. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other and her study of their
body language helped her work out their social system.
她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩身势语的研究帮助她弄清楚了黑猩
猩的社会体系。
△ work out 解决、解答、计算出；产生结果、发展；锻炼；作出、制订出
2. She is leading a busy life but she says …
她过着忙碌的生活，但是她说……
△ lead a …life = live a …life 过……的生活
3. Many people look down upon poor people. 很多人瞧不起穷人。
△ look down upon / on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起
You mustn’t look down upon/ on the disabled.
你绝不能瞧不起残疾人。
4. If the word group refers to different members, use a plural verb.
如果 group（作主语）指的是各个成员，谓语动词用复数。
△ refer to 指的是：提及；谈到；提到；查阅、参考
5. By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in
women’s diseases.
很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于林巧稚大夫的文章，她是一名妇科专家。
△ by chance=by accident 偶然地，意外地
6. Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?
为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她的伟大事业呢？
△ carry on 继续；坚持
【语法总结】主谓一致
一. 语法一致原则
即在语法形式上取得一致，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。
1. 单数名词、不可数名词、单个动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主语时，谓语
动词要用单数形式。
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
Reading aloud is very important in learning English.
学习英语时大声朗读非常重要。
When they could finish the task is not known yet.
他们何时能完成任务还未知。
Whoever wants to join in the competition is asked to sign his/her name here.
要参加比赛的人请在这里签名。
注意：what 引导的主语从句充当主语时，有时要以 what 所指代的词的意义来决定谓语
动词的数。
What he said is true.
他所说的是真的。
What we need are more volunteers.
我们所需要的是更多的志愿者。
2. 由连接词 and 或 both … and 连接的名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作
主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
What he said and what he did have greatly encouraged the other students.
他说的话及行为极大地鼓舞了其他学生。
Both his father and his mother are advanced workers.
他的爸爸和妈妈都是先进工作者。
注意：有时，一些用 and 连接的主语表达的却是单数的概念，这时谓语动词也应用单数
形式。
（1）用 and 连接的名词表示同一人、同一物或同一概念作主语时
Bread and butter is nutritious for patients.
黄油面包对病人很有营养。
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
早睡早起使人健康、富有和聪明。
The secretary and manager was speaking at the meeting.
那位书记兼经理在会上讲话。
（2）“each/every/no/ many a + 单数名词+ and + each/every/no/many a + 单数名
词”作主语时
Every hour and every minute is precious.
每一小时，每一分钟，都很宝贵。
No man and no woman is not allowed to enter the hall.
每个人都不允许进入大厅。
3. “名词+as well as, rather than, like, but, expect, besides, with, together with, along with,
including, in addition to+ 名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词同第一个名词的数保持一致。
Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.
汤姆以及他的两个朋友一起被邀请参加宴会了。
Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the lab.
实验室只有一个老师和三个学生。
4. “more than one 或 many a + 单数名词”作主语时，尽管其意义为复数，但谓语动词
还是用单数形式。
More than one student is against the decision.
不止一个学生反对这个决定。
Many a page in this book is missing.
这本书缺了许多页。
5. 不定代词 either, neither, each, every 或 no +单数名词和由 some, any, no, every 与
thing, body, one 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Nothing in the world moves faster than light.
世上没有什么东西比光传播得更快。
Each one of us has his own duty.
我们每个人都有自己的职责。
注意：若 none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数形式；若它后面
的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式都可以。
None of the money has been spent on repairs.
这笔钱没有花费在维修方面。
None of the passengers were/was aware of the danger.
乘客中没有一个意识到危险的存在。
6. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分
数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而
定。
The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.
大多数医生都认为吸烟有害健康。
The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
这次的损害大部分都容易补救。
The rest of the books were returned to the library.
其余的书都归还给图书馆了。
The rest of the money was given to the villagers.
其余的钱都给了村民。
7.“a large amount of + 不可数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“large
amounts of +不可数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
A large amount of damage was done in a short time.
在短时间内就造成了巨大的损失。
8. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先
行词的数一致。
I, who am your teacher, will do my best to help you.
我是你的老师，我会尽全力帮助你的。
Those who have finished the work can go home first.
那些已完成工作的人可以先回家。
注意：“one of + 复数名词+who/which/that” 引导的定语从句中，若关系代词在定语从
句中充当主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。若 one 前有 the (only/very / right ) 修饰时，
从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。
He was one of the students who were given a prize.
他是那些获奖的学生之一。
I was the only one in my office who was invited.
我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。
9. 由两部分组成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，如：glasses，spectacles，shoes，
boots， trousers/pants，compasses，chopsticks，scissors，socks 等，谓语动词通常用
复数，但这类词如用 a pair of 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
My glasses were broken while playing football yesterday.
昨天踢足球时我的眼镜被打碎了。
A pair of shoes is lying under the bed.
床底下有一双鞋。
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
这里有几双新鞋。
